Thymosin Beta-4
TB-4 · Tβ4 · Full-length Thymosin Beta-4
Popular for:Full-length healing peptide, wound repair, cardiac repair, more complete than TB-500
18
Registered Trials
3
Trial Publications
593
PubMed References
Phase III
Evidence Level
Overview
Thymosin Beta-4 (TB-4) is the full-length 43-amino acid peptide naturally found in high concentrations in wound fluid, blood platelets, and many tissues throughout the body. The short version: people usually care about it for full-length healing peptide, wound repair, cardiac repair, more complete than tb-500, but the strength of the evidence depends heavily on indication and study type.
Thymosin Beta-4 (TB-4) is the full-length 43-amino acid peptide naturally found in high concentrations in wound fluid, blood platelets, and many tissues throughout the body. It plays a crucial role in tissue repair, wound healing, cell migration, angiogenesis, and anti-inflammation.
TB-4 is the parent molecule from which TB-500 is derived — TB-500 is a synthetic fragment containing the active region (amino acids 17-23) responsible for actin binding and cell migration. The full-length TB-4 includes additional sequences that activate cardiac progenitor cells and hair follicle stem cells, making it more biologically complete for regenerative applications.
Research Snapshot
What the evidence says
Phase IIIThymosin Beta-4 currently shows 18 registered trials from ClinicalTrials.gov, 3 PubMed trial publications (3 RCT-tagged), and 593 PubMed references matching the stored source query. Treat PubMed references as literature surface area, not a count of clinical trials.
Known vs uncertain
Known signals
- 18 registered trials are tracked from ClinicalTrials.gov intervention records.
- 3 PubMed clinical-trial publications are indexed.
- 3 PubMed randomized controlled trial publications are indexed.
- 593 PubMed references are tracked separately from trial counts and can include animal, in-vitro, review, mechanism, or clinical records.
Open questions
- Evidence strength may vary by indication, route, formulation, and population.
- Public anecdotes can highlight interest or concern but do not establish clinical efficacy.
- Regulatory status and compounding access can change independently from the research literature.
Mechanism of Action
Thymosin Beta-4's primary mechanism involves sequestering G-actin monomers, which regulates actin polymerization and cell motility.
Key Research Benefits
Clinical Evidence Summary
Research Pipeline
18
Registered Trials
3
Trial Publications
3
RCT Publications
593
PubMed References
Registered trials are ClinicalTrials.gov intervention records. Trial publications are PubMed records tagged as clinical trials or randomized controlled trials. PubMed references are broader source-query matches and can include animal studies, in-vitro work, reviews, mechanism papers, and trial publications.
18
Registered trials
3
Trial publications
3
RCT publications
593
PubMed references
60
Reviews
0
Meta-analyses
Registered trials source
Jun 1, 2026
Thymosin Beta-4
Uses the exact compound name as a ClinicalTrials.gov intervention query.
View sourceFDA Category 2. Was in Phase II clinical trials by RegeneRx Biopharmaceuticals for corneal and cardiac repair. Research compound. Potential Category 1 reinstatement under RFK announcement.
Key PubMed References
593 PubMed references · showing top 25 by relevance
View all on PubMedEnhancing fat graft survival: thymosin beta-4 facilitates mitochondrial transfer from ADSCs via tunneling nanotubes by upregulating the Rac/F-actin pathway.
Zhang X, Lin Y, Li H, et al. · Free radical biology & medicine · 2025
PMID: 39761767Recombinant human thymosin beta 4 improves ischemic cardiac dysfunction in mice and patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction after reperfusion.
Zhang Y, Dong Q, Bian X, et al. · Cardiovascular research · 2025
PMID: 41229390Therapeutic potential of thymosin beta 4 in a variety of diseases.
Ye C, Dai Q, Deng L, et al. · Asian journal of surgery · 2024
PMID: 38824027Aberrant Expression of Thymosin Beta-4 Correlates With Advanced Disease and BRAF V600E Mutation in Thyroid Cancer.
Kuo CY, Jhuang JY, Huang WC, et al. · The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society · 2022
PMID: 36321670Recombinant Human Thymosin Beta-4 Protects against Mouse Coronavirus Infection.
Yu R, Mao Y, Li K, et al. · Mediators of inflammation · 2021
PMID: 33967626Anecdotes & Sentiment
This section summarizes what people are talking about in public sources. It can be useful for spotting questions, hype cycles, and recurring concerns, but it is separate from the evidence sections above.
No curated public-discussion themes are live for Thymosin Beta-4 yet.
Side Effects & Safety
- Generally well-tolerated in clinical trials - Injection site reactions - Headache - Potential concern with promoting growth in existing tumors (theoretical) - More expensive than TB-500 fragment
Known Interactions
No curated interaction entry is live for Thymosin Beta-4 yet.
Until the interaction table is fully populated, use the interaction checker and related peptides below to explore adjacent compounds and likely research pairings.
Comparison Pages
Comparison pages
AllNo comparison page is linked yet.
Frequently Asked Questions
Research Disclaimer
This page is for research and educational purposes only. The information presented is based on published scientific literature and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment recommendations. Regulatory status can vary by compound, formulation, indication, and jurisdiction. Check official labeling, registry records, and qualified professional guidance before making any health-related decision. The studies referenced are linked to their original PubMed sources for verification.