Thymosin Beta-4
TB-4 · Tβ4 · Full-length Thymosin Beta-4
Popular for:Full-length healing peptide, wound repair, cardiac repair, more complete than TB-500
592
Total Studies
324
Human Studies
Phase III
Evidence Level
Category 2
FDA Status
Overview
Thymosin Beta-4 (TB-4) is the full-length 43-amino acid peptide naturally found in high concentrations in wound fluid, blood platelets, and many tissues throughout the body. It plays a crucial role in tissue repair, wound healing, cell migration, angiogenesis, and anti-inflammation.
TB-4 is the parent molecule from which TB-500 is derived — TB-500 is a synthetic fragment containing the active region (amino acids 17-23) responsible for actin binding and cell migration. The full-length TB-4 includes additional sequences that activate cardiac progenitor cells and hair follicle stem cells, making it more biologically complete for regenerative applications.
Mechanism of Action
Thymosin Beta-4's primary mechanism involves sequestering G-actin monomers, which regulates actin polymerization and cell motility. This promotes cell migration into wound sites. TB-4 also upregulates anti-inflammatory factors, promotes angiogenesis, and activates cardiac progenitor cells (unique to the full-length version). The LKKTET sequence (contained in TB-500) handles actin binding, while other regions of TB-4 handle cardiac and follicular stem cell activation.
Key Research Benefits
Clinical Evidence Summary
Research Pipeline
592
Total Studies
324
Human Studies
FDA Category 2. Was in Phase II clinical trials by RegeneRx Biopharmaceuticals for corneal and cardiac repair. Research compound. Potential Category 1 reinstatement under RFK announcement.
Key Studies / PubMed References
592 studies found on PubMed · showing top 25 by relevance
View all on PubMedThymosin Beta-4 Modulates Cardiac Remodeling by Regulating ROCK1 Expression in Adult Mammals.
In VitroMaar K, Thatcher JE, Karpov E, et al. · International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
PMID: 40362372Thymosin beta 4 as an Alzheimer disease intervention target identified using human brain organoids.
Human StudyZeng PM, Sun XY, Li Y, et al. · Stem cell reports · 2025
PMID: 40816274Recombinant human thymosin beta 4 improves ischemic cardiac dysfunction in mice and patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction after reperfusion.
Human StudyZhang Y, Dong Q, Bian X, et al. · Cardiovascular research · 2025
PMID: 41229390Identification of glutamine as a potential therapeutic target in dry eye disease.
In VitroChen X, Zhang C, Peng F, et al. · Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025
PMID: 39837870Thymosin βand βExpression in Human Organs during Development: A Review.
ReviewFaa G, Messana I, Coni P, et al. · Cells · 2024
PMID: 38994967Side Effects & Safety
Known Interactions
No curated interaction entry is live for Thymosin Beta-4 yet.
Until the interaction table is fully populated, use the interaction checker and related peptides below to explore adjacent compounds and likely research pairings.
Frequently Asked Questions
Research Disclaimer
This page is for research and educational purposes only. The information presented is based on published scientific literature and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment recommendations. Thymosin Beta-4 is not approved by the FDA for human therapeutic use. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making any health-related decisions. The studies referenced are linked to their original PubMed sources for verification.