mixedAnecdotalFeb 24, 2026
Anti-aging category spillover
NAD+ is not a peptide, but public peptide discourse often groups it into the same anti-aging injection and clinic conversation.
TIMEhigh confidencemedia
Source NAD+
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide · NAD
Anti-AgingNot ApprovedAnimalMixedSubQIVOral
Popular for:Cellular energy, DNA repair, anti-aging, sirtuin activation
N/A
Registered Trials
233
Trial Publications
46,065
PubMed References
Animal
Evidence Level
Overview
NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) is a coenzyme found in every living cell, essential for cellular energy production, DNA repair, and activation of sirtuins (longevity-associated proteins). The short version: people usually care about it for cellular energy, dna repair, anti-aging, sirtuin activation, but the strength of the evidence depends heavily on indication and study type.
NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) is a coenzyme found in every living cell, essential for cellular energy production, DNA repair, and activation of sirtuins (longevity-associated proteins). NAD+ levels decline significantly with age — by age 50, levels may be half of what they were at age 20.
While NAD+ precursors like NMN and NR are available as oral supplements, injectable NAD+ provides direct cellular replenishment bypassing the conversion steps required by precursors. IV NAD+ infusions and subcutaneous injections are researched for anti-aging, neurodegeneration, metabolic health, and addiction recovery.
Research Snapshot
What the evidence says
AnimalNAD+ currently shows N/A registered trials from ClinicalTrials.gov, 233 PubMed trial publications (136 RCT-tagged), and 46,065 PubMed references matching the stored source query. Treat PubMed references as literature surface area, not a count of clinical trials.
Known vs uncertain
Known signals
- ClinicalTrials.gov registered-trial count is marked N/A when the available intervention query would be too broad or misleading.
- 233 PubMed clinical-trial publications are indexed.
- 136 PubMed randomized controlled trial publications are indexed.
- 46,065 PubMed references are tracked separately from trial counts and can include animal, in-vitro, review, mechanism, or clinical records.
Open questions
- Evidence strength may vary by indication, route, formulation, and population.
- Public anecdotes can highlight interest or concern but do not establish clinical efficacy.
- Regulatory status and compounding access can change independently from the research literature.
Mechanism of Action
NAD+ serves as a critical coenzyme in mitochondrial electron transport chain reactions (cellular energy production) and as a substrate for enzymes including sirtuins (SIRT1-7), PARPs (DNA repair enzymes), and CD38.
Key Research Benefits
Essential coenzyme for mitochondrial energy production
Substrate for sirtuin activation (longevity pathways)
Studied for DNA repair via PARP enzyme support
Researched for neurodegeneration and cognitive function
Investigated for addiction recovery protocols
Injectable bypasses oral bioavailability limitations
Clinical Evidence Summary
Research Pipeline
Preclinical
Animal
Phase I
Phase II
Phase III
Approved
N/A
Registered Trials
233
Trial Publications
136
RCT Publications
46,065
PubMed References
ClinicalTrials.govPubMed ESearchCurated alias queryChecked May 3, 2026
Registered trials are ClinicalTrials.gov intervention records. Trial publications are PubMed records tagged as clinical trials or randomized controlled trials. PubMed references are broader source-query matches and can include animal studies, in-vitro work, reviews, mechanism papers, and trial publications.
N/A
Registered trials
233
Trial publications
136
RCT publications
46,065
PubMed references
4,201
Reviews
55
Meta-analyses
Registered trials source
Jun 1, 2026
No reliable public query configured.
ClinicalTrials.gov intervention query disabled for this compound because the term is too broad or produces misleading registry matches.
Publication counts source
May 3, 2026
NAD+
Keeps the exact NAD+ symbol; broader aliases are noisier for public counts.
View sourceNAD+ is a naturally occurring coenzyme, not a drug. IV and injectable forms available through clinics and compounding pharmacies. Oral precursors (NMN, NR) available as supplements. Not FDA-approved as a therapeutic.
Key PubMed References
46,065 PubMed references · showing top 25 by relevance
View all on PubMedRoles of NADin Health and Aging.
Human Study
Lautrup S, Hou Y, Fang EF, et al. · Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2024
PMID: 37848251NAD metabolism: Role in senescence regulation and aging.
Review
Chini CCS, Cordeiro HS, Tran NLK, et al. · Aging cell · 2024
PMID: 37424179Phages reconstitute NADto counter bacterial immunity.
Review
Osterman I, Samra H, Rousset F, et al. · Nature · 2024
PMID: 39322677The therapeutic perspective of NADprecursors in age-related diseases.
Review
Iqbal T, Nakagawa T · Biochemical and biophysical research communications · 2024
PMID: 38340651CRISPR-HOLMES-based NADdetection.
Review
Zhuang S, Hu T, Zhou H, et al. · Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024
PMID: 38590607Anecdotes & Sentiment
Public discussion, not clinical evidence
This section summarizes what people are talking about in public sources. It can be useful for spotting questions, hype cycles, and recurring concerns, but it is separate from the evidence sections above.
Side Effects & Safety
- Nausea and stomach discomfort (especially IV) - Chest tightness during IV infusion - Muscle cramping - Headache - IV infusions can be uncomfortable (often require slow drip)
Nausea and stomach discomfort (especially IV)
Chest tightness during IV infusion
Muscle cramping
Headache
IV infusions can be uncomfortable (often require slow drip)
Known Interactions
No curated interaction entry is live for NAD+ yet.
Until the interaction table is fully populated, use the interaction checker and related peptides below to explore adjacent compounds and likely research pairings.
Comparison Pages
Frequently Asked Questions
Research Disclaimer
This page is for research and educational purposes only. The information presented is based on published scientific literature and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment recommendations. Regulatory status can vary by compound, formulation, indication, and jurisdiction. Check official labeling, registry records, and qualified professional guidance before making any health-related decision. The studies referenced are linked to their original PubMed sources for verification.